{"id":867,"date":"2025-05-09T22:36:31","date_gmt":"2025-05-10T03:36:31","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/stagefoursecurity.com\/blog\/?p=867"},"modified":"2025-05-09T22:36:31","modified_gmt":"2025-05-10T03:36:31","slug":"ci-cd-attacks","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/stagefoursecurity.com\/blog\/2025\/05\/09\/ci-cd-attacks\/","title":{"rendered":"CI\/CD Attacks"},"content":{"rendered":"<article>\n<header>\n<h1>\u2699\ufe0f CI\/CD as Attack Surface: Compromising the Build Pipeline<\/h1>\n<p><em>By James K. Bishop, vCISO | Founder, <a href=\"https:\/\/stagefoursecurity.com\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Stage Four Security<\/a><\/em><\/p>\n<\/header>\n<section><a href=\"https:\/\/stagefoursecurity.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/Supply-Chain-CICD.png\"><img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignright wp-image-877\" src=\"https:\/\/stagefoursecurity.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/Supply-Chain-CICD-300x200.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"400\" height=\"267\" srcset=\"https:\/\/stagefoursecurity.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/Supply-Chain-CICD-300x200.png 300w, https:\/\/stagefoursecurity.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/Supply-Chain-CICD-1024x683.png 1024w, https:\/\/stagefoursecurity.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/Supply-Chain-CICD-768x512.png 768w, https:\/\/stagefoursecurity.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/Supply-Chain-CICD.png 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 400px) 100vw, 400px\" \/><\/a>Continuous Integration and Continuous Deployment (CI\/CD) pipelines power the modern development lifecycle. But they also present a powerful\u2014and often overlooked\u2014attack surface. When attackers compromise your build process, they can inject malicious code, exfiltrate secrets, or corrupt every artifact your app produces.This post unpacks the anatomy of CI\/CD pipeline attacks and lays out defensive practices to keep your software supply chain secure from commit to deploy.<\/p>\n<\/section>\n<section>\n<h2>\ud83d\udd13 Why CI\/CD Is a High-Value Target<\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Privileged access:<\/strong> CI\/CD systems can read secrets, access source code, push to production, and alter infrastructure<\/li>\n<li><strong>Trusted output:<\/strong> Users implicitly trust binaries and containers produced by build systems<\/li>\n<li><strong>Automation = amplification:<\/strong> A compromised pipeline distributes malware at scale<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>If an attacker owns your pipeline, they own everything you ship.<\/p>\n<\/section>\n<section>\n<h2>\ud83c\udfaf Real-World CI\/CD Attacks<\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>SolarWinds (SUNBURST):<\/strong> Nation-state actors injected a trojan into the Orion platform via the build process<\/li>\n<li><strong>CodeCov Bash Uploader breach:<\/strong> Exposed credentials via a tampered installer script<\/li>\n<li><strong>Dependency confusion (Alex Birsan):<\/strong> Attackers injected malicious packages into internal pipelines by mimicking private dependencies<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>These aren\u2019t theoretical risks\u2014they\u2019re happening now.<\/p>\n<\/section>\n<section>\n<h2>\ud83d\udea8 Common Pipeline Weaknesses<\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li>\ud83d\udd11 <strong>Long-lived secrets:<\/strong> Hardcoded API keys, tokens, or credentials in environment variables<\/li>\n<li>\ud83d\udce5 <strong>Unvalidated dependencies:<\/strong> Pulling packages or tools from unauthenticated or unsigned sources<\/li>\n<li>\ud83c\udfd7\ufe0f <strong>Privileged runners:<\/strong> CI agents running as root or with broad cloud IAM roles<\/li>\n<li>\ud83d\udce4 <strong>Overpermissive artifact access:<\/strong> Public or unauthenticated access to build outputs<\/li>\n<li>\u26d3\ufe0f <strong>Monolithic workflows:<\/strong> Every job runs with full access to code, secrets, and infra\u2014no segmentation<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/section>\n<section>\n<h2>\ud83d\udee1\ufe0f Securing the CI\/CD Pipeline<\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Use ephemeral runners:<\/strong> Destroy build agents after each job to limit persistence<\/li>\n<li><strong>Enforce least privilege:<\/strong> Assign narrowly scoped permissions for each build task<\/li>\n<li><strong>Scan dependencies and tools:<\/strong> Validate everything downloaded or executed during builds<\/li>\n<li><strong>Use secure artifact storage:<\/strong> Apply encryption and access control to build outputs<\/li>\n<li><strong>Rotate and vault secrets:<\/strong> Use secret managers (e.g., HashiCorp Vault, AWS Secrets Manager)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/section>\n<section>\n<h2>\u2699\ufe0f Recommended Tools<\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li>\ud83d\udd0d <strong>Supply chain attestation:<\/strong> Sigstore, cosign, in-toto for artifact signing and traceability<\/li>\n<li>\ud83d\udd12 <strong>CI\/CD security scanners:<\/strong> Checkov, tfsec, KICS for IaC and pipeline code review<\/li>\n<li>\ud83d\udce6 <strong>Dependency verification:<\/strong> Use lockfiles, hash checks, and pinned versions<\/li>\n<li>\ud83d\udd17 <strong>Secure build orchestration:<\/strong> GitHub Actions, GitLab CI, CircleCI, Jenkins with hardened runners<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/section>\n<section>\n<h2>\ud83d\udce3 Final Thought<\/h2>\n<p>The integrity of your build pipeline is the integrity of your product. Attackers have realized this\u2014and they\u2019re aiming earlier and deeper into your development process. The good news? You can defend it, but only if you treat the CI\/CD system not just as automation\u2014but as infrastructure that must be secured like any other critical system.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Need help hardening your CI\/CD pipelines, evaluating exposure, or building a secure-by-design release process?<\/strong> <a href=\"https:\/\/stagefoursecurity.com\/blog\/partner-with-stage-four-security\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Let\u2019s talk<\/a>.<\/p>\n<\/section>\n<\/article>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u2699\ufe0f CI\/CD as Attack Surface: Compromising the Build Pipeline By James K. Bishop, vCISO | Founder, Stage Four Security Continuous [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"default","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"default","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"default","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"set","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ast-content-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"footnotes":""},"categories":[19],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-867","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-supply-chain-security"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v25.0 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>CI\/CD Attacks - Stage Four Security Blog<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Explore how attackers exploit continuous integration and deployment (CI\/CD) pipelines\u2014from poisoned packages to compromised runners\u2014and how to defend them.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/stagefoursecurity.com\/blog\/2025\/05\/09\/ci-cd-attacks\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"CI\/CD Attacks - Stage Four Security Blog\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Explore how attackers exploit continuous integration and deployment (CI\/CD) pipelines\u2014from poisoned packages to compromised runners\u2014and how to defend them.\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/stagefoursecurity.com\/blog\/2025\/05\/09\/ci-cd-attacks\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Stage Four Security Blog\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2025-05-10T03:36:31+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/stagefoursecurity.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/Supply-Chain-CICD.png\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"1536\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"1024\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/png\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"stagefoursec\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:image\" content=\"https:\/\/stagefoursecurity.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/Supply-Chain-CICD.png\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"stagefoursec\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"3 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/stagefoursecurity.com\/blog\/2025\/05\/09\/ci-cd-attacks\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/stagefoursecurity.com\/blog\/2025\/05\/09\/ci-cd-attacks\/\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"stagefoursec\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/stagefoursecurity.com\/blog\/#\/schema\/person\/9224811ebe1947fee603931e220ecfde\"},\"headline\":\"CI\/CD Attacks\",\"datePublished\":\"2025-05-10T03:36:31+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/stagefoursecurity.com\/blog\/2025\/05\/09\/ci-cd-attacks\/\"},\"wordCount\":455,\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/stagefoursecurity.com\/blog\/#organization\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/stagefoursecurity.com\/blog\/2025\/05\/09\/ci-cd-attacks\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\/\/stagefoursecurity.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/Supply-Chain-CICD-300x200.png\",\"articleSection\":[\"Supply Chain Security\"],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\"},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/stagefoursecurity.com\/blog\/2025\/05\/09\/ci-cd-attacks\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/stagefoursecurity.com\/blog\/2025\/05\/09\/ci-cd-attacks\/\",\"name\":\"CI\/CD Attacks - Stage Four Security Blog\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/stagefoursecurity.com\/blog\/#website\"},\"primaryImageOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/stagefoursecurity.com\/blog\/2025\/05\/09\/ci-cd-attacks\/#primaryimage\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/stagefoursecurity.com\/blog\/2025\/05\/09\/ci-cd-attacks\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\/\/stagefoursecurity.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/Supply-Chain-CICD-300x200.png\",\"datePublished\":\"2025-05-10T03:36:31+00:00\",\"description\":\"Explore how attackers exploit continuous integration and deployment (CI\/CD) pipelines\u2014from poisoned packages to compromised runners\u2014and how to defend them.\",\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/stagefoursecurity.com\/blog\/2025\/05\/09\/ci-cd-attacks\/#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https:\/\/stagefoursecurity.com\/blog\/2025\/05\/09\/ci-cd-attacks\/\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/stagefoursecurity.com\/blog\/2025\/05\/09\/ci-cd-attacks\/#primaryimage\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/stagefoursecurity.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/Supply-Chain-CICD.png\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\/\/stagefoursecurity.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/Supply-Chain-CICD.png\",\"width\":1536,\"height\":1024},{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/stagefoursecurity.com\/blog\/2025\/05\/09\/ci-cd-attacks\/#breadcrumb\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"Home\",\"item\":\"https:\/\/stagefoursecurity.com\/blog\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"CI\/CD Attacks\"}]},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/stagefoursecurity.com\/blog\/#website\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/stagefoursecurity.com\/blog\/\",\"name\":\"Stage Four Security Blog\",\"description\":\"Protecting today, fortifying tomorrow\",\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/stagefoursecurity.com\/blog\/#organization\"},\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":{\"@type\":\"EntryPoint\",\"urlTemplate\":\"https:\/\/stagefoursecurity.com\/blog\/?s={search_term_string}\"},\"query-input\":{\"@type\":\"PropertyValueSpecification\",\"valueRequired\":true,\"valueName\":\"search_term_string\"}}],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\"},{\"@type\":\"Organization\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/stagefoursecurity.com\/blog\/#organization\",\"name\":\"Stage Four Security Blog\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/stagefoursecurity.com\/blog\/\",\"logo\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/stagefoursecurity.com\/blog\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/stagefoursecurity.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/cropped-Stage-Four-Security-Blog-Logo-1000x150-1.png\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\/\/stagefoursecurity.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/cropped-Stage-Four-Security-Blog-Logo-1000x150-1.png\",\"width\":1000,\"height\":150,\"caption\":\"Stage Four Security Blog\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/stagefoursecurity.com\/blog\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/\"}},{\"@type\":\"Person\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/stagefoursecurity.com\/blog\/#\/schema\/person\/9224811ebe1947fee603931e220ecfde\",\"name\":\"stagefoursec\",\"image\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/stagefoursecurity.com\/blog\/#\/schema\/person\/image\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/fdb94f17254222fa9c8b7db050a58a5fa4fb24ae32e20e7e1974b87b01a751d4?s=96&d=mm&r=g\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/fdb94f17254222fa9c8b7db050a58a5fa4fb24ae32e20e7e1974b87b01a751d4?s=96&d=mm&r=g\",\"caption\":\"stagefoursec\"},\"sameAs\":[\"https:\/\/stagefoursecurity.com\/blog\"],\"url\":\"https:\/\/stagefoursecurity.com\/blog\/author\/admin_w171pcka\/\"}]}<\/script>\n<!-- \/ Yoast SEO plugin. -->","yoast_head_json":{"title":"CI\/CD Attacks - Stage Four Security Blog","description":"Explore how attackers exploit continuous integration and deployment (CI\/CD) pipelines\u2014from poisoned packages to compromised runners\u2014and how to defend them.","robots":{"index":"index","follow":"follow","max-snippet":"max-snippet:-1","max-image-preview":"max-image-preview:large","max-video-preview":"max-video-preview:-1"},"canonical":"https:\/\/stagefoursecurity.com\/blog\/2025\/05\/09\/ci-cd-attacks\/","og_locale":"en_US","og_type":"article","og_title":"CI\/CD Attacks - Stage Four Security Blog","og_description":"Explore how attackers exploit continuous integration and deployment (CI\/CD) pipelines\u2014from poisoned packages to compromised runners\u2014and how to defend them.","og_url":"https:\/\/stagefoursecurity.com\/blog\/2025\/05\/09\/ci-cd-attacks\/","og_site_name":"Stage Four Security Blog","article_published_time":"2025-05-10T03:36:31+00:00","og_image":[{"width":1536,"height":1024,"url":"https:\/\/stagefoursecurity.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/Supply-Chain-CICD.png","type":"image\/png"}],"author":"stagefoursec","twitter_card":"summary_large_image","twitter_image":"https:\/\/stagefoursecurity.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/Supply-Chain-CICD.png","twitter_misc":{"Written by":"stagefoursec","Est. reading time":"3 minutes"},"schema":{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"Article","@id":"https:\/\/stagefoursecurity.com\/blog\/2025\/05\/09\/ci-cd-attacks\/#article","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/stagefoursecurity.com\/blog\/2025\/05\/09\/ci-cd-attacks\/"},"author":{"name":"stagefoursec","@id":"https:\/\/stagefoursecurity.com\/blog\/#\/schema\/person\/9224811ebe1947fee603931e220ecfde"},"headline":"CI\/CD Attacks","datePublished":"2025-05-10T03:36:31+00:00","mainEntityOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/stagefoursecurity.com\/blog\/2025\/05\/09\/ci-cd-attacks\/"},"wordCount":455,"publisher":{"@id":"https:\/\/stagefoursecurity.com\/blog\/#organization"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/stagefoursecurity.com\/blog\/2025\/05\/09\/ci-cd-attacks\/#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/stagefoursecurity.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/Supply-Chain-CICD-300x200.png","articleSection":["Supply Chain Security"],"inLanguage":"en-US"},{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https:\/\/stagefoursecurity.com\/blog\/2025\/05\/09\/ci-cd-attacks\/","url":"https:\/\/stagefoursecurity.com\/blog\/2025\/05\/09\/ci-cd-attacks\/","name":"CI\/CD Attacks - Stage Four Security Blog","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/stagefoursecurity.com\/blog\/#website"},"primaryImageOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/stagefoursecurity.com\/blog\/2025\/05\/09\/ci-cd-attacks\/#primaryimage"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/stagefoursecurity.com\/blog\/2025\/05\/09\/ci-cd-attacks\/#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/stagefoursecurity.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/Supply-Chain-CICD-300x200.png","datePublished":"2025-05-10T03:36:31+00:00","description":"Explore how attackers exploit continuous integration and deployment (CI\/CD) pipelines\u2014from poisoned packages to compromised runners\u2014and how to defend them.","breadcrumb":{"@id":"https:\/\/stagefoursecurity.com\/blog\/2025\/05\/09\/ci-cd-attacks\/#breadcrumb"},"inLanguage":"en-US","potentialAction":[{"@type":"ReadAction","target":["https:\/\/stagefoursecurity.com\/blog\/2025\/05\/09\/ci-cd-attacks\/"]}]},{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https:\/\/stagefoursecurity.com\/blog\/2025\/05\/09\/ci-cd-attacks\/#primaryimage","url":"https:\/\/stagefoursecurity.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/Supply-Chain-CICD.png","contentUrl":"https:\/\/stagefoursecurity.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/Supply-Chain-CICD.png","width":1536,"height":1024},{"@type":"BreadcrumbList","@id":"https:\/\/stagefoursecurity.com\/blog\/2025\/05\/09\/ci-cd-attacks\/#breadcrumb","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Home","item":"https:\/\/stagefoursecurity.com\/blog\/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"name":"CI\/CD Attacks"}]},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https:\/\/stagefoursecurity.com\/blog\/#website","url":"https:\/\/stagefoursecurity.com\/blog\/","name":"Stage Four Security Blog","description":"Protecting today, fortifying tomorrow","publisher":{"@id":"https:\/\/stagefoursecurity.com\/blog\/#organization"},"potentialAction":[{"@type":"SearchAction","target":{"@type":"EntryPoint","urlTemplate":"https:\/\/stagefoursecurity.com\/blog\/?s={search_term_string}"},"query-input":{"@type":"PropertyValueSpecification","valueRequired":true,"valueName":"search_term_string"}}],"inLanguage":"en-US"},{"@type":"Organization","@id":"https:\/\/stagefoursecurity.com\/blog\/#organization","name":"Stage Four Security Blog","url":"https:\/\/stagefoursecurity.com\/blog\/","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https:\/\/stagefoursecurity.com\/blog\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/","url":"https:\/\/stagefoursecurity.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/cropped-Stage-Four-Security-Blog-Logo-1000x150-1.png","contentUrl":"https:\/\/stagefoursecurity.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/cropped-Stage-Four-Security-Blog-Logo-1000x150-1.png","width":1000,"height":150,"caption":"Stage Four Security Blog"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/stagefoursecurity.com\/blog\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/"}},{"@type":"Person","@id":"https:\/\/stagefoursecurity.com\/blog\/#\/schema\/person\/9224811ebe1947fee603931e220ecfde","name":"stagefoursec","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https:\/\/stagefoursecurity.com\/blog\/#\/schema\/person\/image\/","url":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/fdb94f17254222fa9c8b7db050a58a5fa4fb24ae32e20e7e1974b87b01a751d4?s=96&d=mm&r=g","contentUrl":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/fdb94f17254222fa9c8b7db050a58a5fa4fb24ae32e20e7e1974b87b01a751d4?s=96&d=mm&r=g","caption":"stagefoursec"},"sameAs":["https:\/\/stagefoursecurity.com\/blog"],"url":"https:\/\/stagefoursecurity.com\/blog\/author\/admin_w171pcka\/"}]}},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/stagefoursecurity.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/867","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/stagefoursecurity.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/stagefoursecurity.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/stagefoursecurity.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/stagefoursecurity.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=867"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/stagefoursecurity.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/867\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":884,"href":"https:\/\/stagefoursecurity.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/867\/revisions\/884"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/stagefoursecurity.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=867"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/stagefoursecurity.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=867"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/stagefoursecurity.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=867"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}